Lifter lubrication system. Oil comes in and is diverted into that center block. From there it goes to the upper end of the motor and into each one of those four machined fingers. Each finger has a bore going down the length of it and at the end are two .018" holes. The holes are drilled such that the oil being sprayed is directed at the camshaft next to the lobe. This stream is then deflected off the cam and sprays up at the underside of the lifter.